Links

Most PDFs have links: a table of contents that jumps to a chapter, a footnote to a website. Register linkPlugin() and put <LinkLayer> in each page, and they work:

link-layer.tsx

import { interactionPlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/interaction';
import { LinkLayer, linkPlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/link';
import { RenderLayer, renderPlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/render';
import { Viewer } from '@embedpdf/react/runtime';
import { Stage, stagePlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/stage';
import { engine } from './pdf';

const plugins = [stagePlugin(), renderPlugin(), interactionPlugin(), linkPlugin()];

export function Reader() {
  return (
    <Viewer engine={engine} plugins={plugins}>
      <Stage>
        {() => (
          <>
            <RenderLayer />
            <LinkLayer />
          </>
        )}
      </Stage>
    </Viewer>
  );
}

Loading live preview…

import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
import { Viewer, DocumentGate, usePageList } from '@embedpdf/react/runtime';
import type { OpenInput } from '@embedpdf/react/runtime';
import { Stage, stagePlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/stage';
import { RenderLayer, renderPlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/render';
import { interactionPlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/interaction';
import { annotationPlugin, useAnnotation } from '@embedpdf/react/annotation';
import { LinkLayer, linkPlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/link';
import { localEngine } from '@embedpdf/engine';

import './basic.css';

const engine = localEngine();
// The annotation plugin is only here to make the links below.
const plugins = [
  stagePlugin(),
  renderPlugin(),
  interactionPlugin(),
  annotationPlugin(),
  linkPlugin(),
];

const ebook = async (): Promise<OpenInput> => {
  const response = await fetch('https://snippet.embedpdf.com/ebook.pdf');
  return { kind: 'bytes', id: 'ebook', bytes: new Uint8Array(await response.arrayBuffer()) };
};

// Where the two links go on the first page, in page coordinates.
const TO_PAGE_3 = { x: 72, y: 24, width: 160, height: 28 };
const TO_WEBSITE = { x: 250, y: 24, width: 190, height: 28 };

// Made on load, since the document has none: a label the page shows, and a link over it.
function AddLinks() {
  const annotation = useAnnotation();
  const pages = usePageList();
  const added = useRef(false);

  useEffect(() => {
    const [first, , third] = pages;
    if (!first || !third || added.current) return;
    added.current = true;
    const label = (text: string, box: typeof TO_PAGE_3) =>
      annotation.create(first.ref, {
        subtype: 'free-text',
        box,
        contents: text,
        fontSize: 13,
        fontColor: '#054fb3',
        interiorColor: '#e8f1ff',
        color: '#7db6ff',
        strokeWidth: 1,
      });
    void (async () => {
      await label('Go to page 3 →', TO_PAGE_3);
      await label('Open embedpdf.com ↗', TO_WEBSITE);
      await annotation.create(first.ref, {
        subtype: 'link',
        rect: TO_PAGE_3,
        target: { kind: 'goto', destination: { kind: 'fit', page: third.ref } },
      });
      await annotation.create(first.ref, {
        subtype: 'link',
        rect: TO_WEBSITE,
        target: { kind: 'uri', uri: 'https://www.embedpdf.com' },
      });
    })();
  }, [annotation, pages]);

  return null;
}

export default function App() {
  return (
    <Viewer engine={engine} plugins={plugins} initialDocuments={[{ source: ebook }]}>
      <DocumentGate fallback={<p className="loading">Loading…</p>}>
        <AddLinks />
        <p className="hint">
          Two links at the top of the first page. Click one, or press Tab to reach it and Enter to
          follow it.
        </p>
        <Stage className="stage">
          {() => (
            <>
              <RenderLayer />
              <LinkLayer />
            </>
          )}
        </Stage>
      </DocumentGate>
    </Viewer>
  );
}

A link to a page goes there, to the exact spot and zoom the link names.
A link to a website opens in a new tab, after a safety check (see Good to know).
A link with a PDF action, such as a button that resets a form, runs the action when the actions plugin is registered.

The pointer turns into a hand over a link, and a link can be reached with the Tab key and followed with Enter.

Change how links look#

By default a link area is invisible, as in other PDF apps. <LinkLayer renderLink> lets you draw it yourself, for example with an underline on hover:

custom-links.tsx

import { LinkLayer } from '@embedpdf/react/link';

export const Links = () => (
  <LinkLayer
    renderLink={({ link, native }) => (
      <span className="pdf-link" title={link.target.kind === 'uri' ? link.target.uri : undefined}>
        {native}
      </span>
    )}
  />
);

Loading live preview…

import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
import { Viewer, DocumentGate, usePageList } from '@embedpdf/react/runtime';
import type { OpenInput } from '@embedpdf/react/runtime';
import { Stage, stagePlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/stage';
import { RenderLayer, renderPlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/render';
import { interactionPlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/interaction';
import { annotationPlugin, useAnnotation } from '@embedpdf/react/annotation';
import { LinkLayer, linkPlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/link';
import { localEngine } from '@embedpdf/engine';

import './custom.css';

const engine = localEngine();
// The annotation plugin is only here to make the links below.
const plugins = [
  stagePlugin(),
  renderPlugin(),
  interactionPlugin(),
  annotationPlugin(),
  linkPlugin(),
];

const ebook = async (): Promise<OpenInput> => {
  const response = await fetch('https://snippet.embedpdf.com/ebook.pdf');
  return { kind: 'bytes', id: 'ebook', bytes: new Uint8Array(await response.arrayBuffer()) };
};

// Where the two links go on the first page, in page coordinates.
const TO_PAGE_3 = { x: 72, y: 24, width: 160, height: 28 };
const TO_WEBSITE = { x: 250, y: 24, width: 190, height: 28 };

// Made on load, since the document has none: a label the page shows, and a link over it.
function AddLinks() {
  const annotation = useAnnotation();
  const pages = usePageList();
  const added = useRef(false);

  useEffect(() => {
    const [first, , third] = pages;
    if (!first || !third || added.current) return;
    added.current = true;
    const label = (text: string, box: typeof TO_PAGE_3) =>
      annotation.create(first.ref, {
        subtype: 'free-text',
        box,
        contents: text,
        fontSize: 13,
        fontColor: '#054fb3',
        interiorColor: '#e8f1ff',
        color: '#7db6ff',
        strokeWidth: 1,
      });
    void (async () => {
      await label('Go to page 3 →', TO_PAGE_3);
      await label('Open embedpdf.com ↗', TO_WEBSITE);
      await annotation.create(first.ref, {
        subtype: 'link',
        rect: TO_PAGE_3,
        target: { kind: 'goto', destination: { kind: 'fit', page: third.ref } },
      });
      await annotation.create(first.ref, {
        subtype: 'link',
        rect: TO_WEBSITE,
        target: { kind: 'uri', uri: 'https://www.embedpdf.com' },
      });
    })();
  }, [annotation, pages]);

  return null;
}

export default function App() {
  const [shown, setShown] = useState(true);

  return (
    <Viewer engine={engine} plugins={plugins} initialDocuments={[{ source: ebook }]}>
      <DocumentGate fallback={<p className="loading">Loading…</p>}>
        <AddLinks />
        <div className="toolbar">
          <div className="segmented" role="group" aria-label="Link areas">
            <button type="button" aria-pressed={shown} onClick={() => setShown(true)}>
              Show link areas
            </button>
            <button type="button" aria-pressed={!shown} onClick={() => setShown(false)}>
              As the PDF has them
            </button>
          </div>
        </div>
        <Stage className="stage">
          {() => (
            <>
              <RenderLayer />
              <LinkLayer
                renderLink={
                  ({ link, native }) =>
                    shown ? (
                      // Wrapping `native` keeps what a click does.
                      <span className="pdf-link" data-kind={link.target.kind}>
                        {native}
                      </span>
                    ) : undefined // the layer's own, invisible area
                }
              />
            </>
          )}
        </Stage>
      </DocumentGate>
    </Viewer>
  );
}

native is the layer’s own clickable area: wrap it to keep what a click does. Return undefined for a link you don’t want to change.

Read the links on a page#

link.listLinks(page.ref); // every link on the page
link.getLinkAt(page.ref, { x: 120, y: 80 }); // the link at a point, or null

Each link has an id, its bounds on the page, and a target: where it goes.

`target.kind`	Goes to
`'goto'`	A page of this document: `target.destination`
`'uri'`	A website or an email address: `target.uri`
`'named'`	A viewer action, such as the next page
`'javascript'`	Runs the link’s script, when the actions plugin allows it
`'goto-remote'`, `'launch'`	Nowhere: see Which links never run

Follow a link from code#

activate() does what a click does:

const { outcome } = link.activate(someLink);

It returns what happened right away, so a website can still open in a new tab: 'revealed' (the view went to a page), 'uri' (a website opened), or 'dispatched' (the actions plugin runs the link’s action). A link it won’t follow, such as one to another file, is 'reported'.

Loading live preview…

import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
import { Viewer, DocumentGate, usePageList } from '@embedpdf/react/runtime';
import type { OpenInput } from '@embedpdf/react/runtime';
import { Stage, stagePlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/stage';
import { RenderLayer, renderPlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/render';
import { interactionPlugin } from '@embedpdf/react/interaction';
import { annotationPlugin, useAnnotation } from '@embedpdf/react/annotation';
import { LinkLayer, linkPlugin, useLink, useLinkEvent } from '@embedpdf/react/link';
import { localEngine } from '@embedpdf/engine';

import './list.css';

const engine = localEngine();
// The annotation plugin is only here to make the links below.
const plugins = [
  stagePlugin(),
  renderPlugin(),
  interactionPlugin(),
  annotationPlugin(),
  linkPlugin(),
];

const ebook = async (): Promise<OpenInput> => {
  const response = await fetch('https://snippet.embedpdf.com/ebook.pdf');
  return { kind: 'bytes', id: 'ebook', bytes: new Uint8Array(await response.arrayBuffer()) };
};

// Where the links go on the first page, in page coordinates.
const TO_PAGE_3 = { x: 72, y: 24, width: 160, height: 28 };
const TO_WEBSITE = { x: 250, y: 24, width: 190, height: 28 };
const TO_SCRIPT = { x: 458, y: 24, width: 82, height: 28 };

// Made on load, since the document has none: a label the page shows, and a link over it.
// The third one is a `javascript:` address, which a link never opens.
function AddLinks({ onAdded }: { onAdded: () => void }) {
  const annotation = useAnnotation();
  const pages = usePageList();
  const added = useRef(false);

  useEffect(() => {
    const [first, , third] = pages;
    if (!first || !third || added.current) return;
    added.current = true;
    const label = (text: string, box: typeof TO_PAGE_3) =>
      annotation.create(first.ref, {
        subtype: 'free-text',
        box,
        contents: text,
        fontSize: 13,
        fontColor: '#054fb3',
        interiorColor: '#e8f1ff',
        color: '#7db6ff',
        strokeWidth: 1,
      });
    void (async () => {
      await label('Go to page 3 →', TO_PAGE_3);
      await label('Open embedpdf.com ↗', TO_WEBSITE);
      await label('A script', TO_SCRIPT);
      await annotation.create(first.ref, {
        subtype: 'link',
        rect: TO_PAGE_3,
        target: { kind: 'goto', destination: { kind: 'fit', page: third.ref } },
      });
      await annotation.create(first.ref, {
        subtype: 'link',
        rect: TO_WEBSITE,
        target: { kind: 'uri', uri: 'https://www.embedpdf.com' },
      });
      await annotation.create(first.ref, {
        subtype: 'link',
        rect: TO_SCRIPT,
        target: { kind: 'uri', uri: 'javascript:alert(1)' },
      });
      onAdded();
    })();
  }, [annotation, pages, onAdded]);

  return null;
}

// The first page's links, read from the plugin, each with a button that follows it.
function LinkList({ ready }: { ready: boolean }) {
  const link = useLink();
  const [last, setLast] = useState<string | null>(null);

  // Every way of following a link ends up here: a click, a key, or code.
  useLinkEvent(
    (link) => link.onActivated,
    ({ target, activation }) => setLast(`${target.kind} → ${activation.outcome}`),
  );

  const links = ready ? link.listLinks(0) : [];

  return (
    <aside className="panel">
      <h3 className="heading">Links on page 1</h3>
      <ul className="links">
        {links.map((item) => (
          <li key={item.id} className="link">
            <span className="kind">{item.target.kind}</span>
            <span className="label">{link.getLabel(item)}</span>
            <span className="where">
              at {Math.round(item.bounds.x)}, {Math.round(item.bounds.y)}
            </span>
            <button type="button" className="button" onClick={() => link.activate(item)}>
              Follow
            </button>
          </li>
        ))}
      </ul>
      <p className="last">
        <code>onActivated</code> {last ?? 'not yet'}
      </p>
    </aside>
  );
}

export default function App() {
  // The list reads the links once they're made.
  const [ready, setReady] = useState(false);
  const onAdded = useCallback(() => setReady(true), []);

  return (
    <Viewer engine={engine} plugins={plugins} initialDocuments={[{ source: ebook }]}>
      <DocumentGate fallback={<p className="loading">Loading…</p>}>
        <AddLinks onAdded={onAdded} />
        <div className="layout">
          <LinkList ready={ready} />
          <Stage className="stage">
            {() => (
              <>
                <RenderLayer />
                <LinkLayer />
              </>
            )}
          </Stage>
        </div>
      </DocumentGate>
    </Viewer>
  );
}

Methods#

Everything useLink() gives you.

Method	What it does
`listLinks(page)`	Every link on a page, once the page’s links are read. Read the links on a page
`getLink(page, id)`	One link by its `id`, or `null`
`getLinkAt(page, point)`	The link at a point on the page, the smallest when links overlap, or `null`
`listAllLinks()`	Every link in the document, reading each page’s links as needed
`ensureLoaded(page)`	Reads a page’s links if they aren’t read yet. `<LinkLayer>` does this for every page it shows.
`isLoaded(page)`, `getStatus(page)`	Whether a page’s links are read, and in detail: `'idle'`, `'loading'`, `'ready'`, `'error'` or `'forbidden'`
`activate(link)`	Follows a link, or a link’s `target`, as a click does, and returns what happened. Follow a link from code
`activateAt(page, point)`	Follows the link at a point on the page. Returns `null` when there’s no link there.
`resolve(target)`	What following a target would do, without doing it: `{ kind }` is `'destination'`, `'uri'`, `'named'` or `'reported'`
`getLabel(link)`	A short label for a tooltip: the web address, or where the link goes

Every method that returns a promise also takes a signal in its options, to cancel it.

Events#

link-analytics.tsx

import { LinkLayer, useLinkEvent } from '@embedpdf/react/link';
import { RenderLayer } from '@embedpdf/react/render';
import { Stage } from '@embedpdf/react/stage';
import { analytics } from './analytics';

export function Reader() {
  useLinkEvent(
    (link) => link.onActivated,
    ({ target }) => analytics.track('link_followed', { kind: target.kind }),
  );

  return (
    <Stage>
      {() => (
        <>
          <RenderLayer />
          <LinkLayer />
        </>
      )}
    </Stage>
  );
}

Event	Fires when	Carries
`onActivated`	Someone followed a link, by click, key or code	`target`, `activation`
`onLoaded`	A page’s links were read, or read again after a change	`page`

Good to know#

Which links never run#

A website link opens only with http, https, mailto or tel. An address without one opens on https when it starts with // or www.; any other, such as /help or page2.html, is relative to the document and opens nothing, so a link can never open a page of your own app. Links that would start a program or open another file on the user’s computer are never followed, and a link’s JavaScript runs only when the actions plugin has JavaScript turned on.

Links while editing annotations#

Links work while the pointer or pan tool is active. With the annotation plugin’s link tool, the layer steps aside and links become annotations you can move, resize and retarget; see Annotations.

Making links#

Links are annotations: create them with the annotation plugin, or with the engine; see Links.

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